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Kalmyk cattle

Place of Origin	Mongolia and northwestern China
Origin	Kalmyk cattle (Russian: Калмыцкая, Kalmytskaya) are a beef cattle breed originating in Mongolia and northwestern China and taken to southeastern Russia by migrating Kalmyk tribes in the early 17th century. They are now found in central Asia and Southern Russia on dry steppe pastures. The famous historian of Genghis Khan Erendzhen Khara-Davan wrote in his book “Genghis Khan” (author edition, Belgrade 1925) that even at the time of birth of the great Mongolian commander Genghis Khan (1155 or 1162 AD), Mongols, apart from hunting, were engaged in migratory cattle breeding, constantly moving through the steppes in search of pastures for their numerous cattle herds. As they advanced, already as conquerors, to the North and West, to colonize the new lands Mongol armies brought with them civilians with their nomadic tents and belongings, including horses and beef cattle. Above mentioned Erendzhen Khara-Davan, explaining the reason why Batu Khan (Genghis Khan’s grandchild) stopped the advance of his armies 200 kilometers from Novgorod and decided not to seize the city, wrote that the succulent grass of the outskirts of Novgorod and Pskov was unsuitable for feeding the steppe animals, including horses and cattle. It would have led to inevitable loss of cattle. The Genghis Khan’s grandson knew that, but for some reason our scientists don’t take it into consideration. For many years they have been trying to promote breeding Kalmyk cattle in woodlands, in the North or even in the mountains.
Purpose	Beef cattle
Appearance	Kalmyk cattle are red with white markings on the head, belly and legs. They are medium-sized, compact animals with a small head and long face . There is a well-developed dewlap. Believed to originate from Indian cattle they have a high number of sweat glands, allowing them to endure high summer temperatures, and grow a long thick coat in winter.
Horns	Short horns
Cows Average Weight	430 – 540 kg (950 - 1200 lbs)
Bulls Average Weight	750 - 850 kg (1653 - 1874 lbs.)
Other Considerations	The Kalmyk breed is one of the most ancient cattle breeds in the world. Probably, this breed inhabited the Russian steppes during the Mongol invasion.