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Breed Characteristics
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Welsh Springer Spaniel
| Other Names | Welsh Springer, Welsh Cocker Spaniel, Welsh Starter |
| Nicknames | Welshie |
| Country of Origin | Wales |
| Weight | Males: 40 - 45 lbs. (18 - 20 kg) Females: 35 - 45 lbs. (16 - 20 kg) |
| Height (at withers) | Males: 17 - 19 in. (43 - 48 cm) Females: 16 - 18 in. (41 - 46 cm) |
| Coat | The fur is straight and silky, and it is never curly. At the ends of the ears, the back of the legs and the underside of the body, the furs are somewhat feathery. |
| Colour | Black/White, Chocolate/White, Red/White (Yellow/White), Blue/White (Slate), Lilac/White, Sable/White, TriColor, Saddle Pattern, Blue Merle, Red Merle, Sable Merle |
| Litter Size | 4 - 8 puppies, average 6 |
| Life Span | 12 - 15 years |
| Origin & History | The actual date of origin of the Welsh Springer Spaniel cannot be traced, however dogs resembling the breed with its distinctive red and white coat are frequently depicted in old pictures and prints. This type of dog was known as the Land Spaniel, and is considered to be similar to the modern Welsh Springer. John Caius, writing in 1570, said "Spaniels whose skynnes are white and if marked with any spottes they are commonly red". It is thought that these Spaniels may have made their way into the Welsh valleys where local sportsman and hunters managed to conserve them in a pure state. At one time called the Welsh Starter, it was used to spring game, originally for hunters using falcons. The traditional red and white colour of the Welsh Springer was once also found in English dogs, but by the early 20th century any such dogs were considered to have "died out long ago". The Welsh Springer Spaniel was also at one time called the Welsh Spaniel, and also at one point was included in the Kennel Club (UK) studbook as Cocker Spaniels, and was known as the Welsh Cocker. During the 19th century were several different varieties of Cocker Spaniel, including the English, the Welsh and the Devonshire as the term was used to describe the size of the dog rather than the breed. Unusually, in John George Wood's 1865 book The Illustrated Natural History, an image is described showing a Welsh Cocker Spaniel as a solid coloured dark spaniel. The same inscription is used in the 1867 work The Dog in Health and Disease by Stonehenge and he further describes the Welsh Cocker and the Devonshire Cocker as "both being of a deep-liver colour". The Welsh Springer was relatively unknown during the 19th Century, but this changed in 1900 when Mr. A. T. Williams of Ynis-y-Gerwn won the team stake at the Sporting Spaniel Club Trials. The trials were held on Mr. Williams' own estate, and it was thought that when his team defeated eight well known teams it was because of the home advantage. This was disproved when dogs from the same kennel went on to win in successive years around the UK. His conformation show champion dog Corrin was the first Welsh Springer Spaniel to be photographed. Welsh Springers were recognised by The Kennel Club, after the breed had gained popularity, in 1902 under the new name of Welsh Springer Spaniel. Until then the breed was shown alongside the English Springer Spaniel. The Welsh Springer Spaniel was transported to America in the late 19th century and gained recognition by the American Kennel Club in 1906. World War I caused problems for the breed in the United Kingdom, and when the war was over there were no dogs whose parents had registered pedigrees. The breed restarted with the remaining unregistered dogs, and it is these dogs that formed the modern day breed. The breeders in the 1920s and 1930s developed these dogs into the type of Welsh Springer Spaniel which remains today. The Welsh Springer Spaniel Club (UK) was formed in 1923, registrations slowly increased between the wars but all records held by the breed club were destroyed in an air raid during World War II. Following the two World Wars, it was thought that no Welsh Springers remained in the United States. The breed was reintroduced, and the descendants of those dogs make up the breed today in the United States and Canada. The breed was officially imported into Australia in 1973. In 2000, The Kennel Club registered 424 Welsh Springer Spaniels, compared with 12,599 English Springer Spaniels and 13,445 English Cocker Spaniels. Numbers remained steady, with 420 Welsh Springer Spaniels being registered in 2004, however numbers of English Springer Spaniels increased to 14,765 and English Cocker Spaniels to 16,608. Numbers remain closer to the American Cocker Spaniel which registered 610 in 2000, and 599 in 2004. The breed remains more popular than some other breeds of Spaniel, including the Clumber Spaniel, Field Spaniel, Sussex Spaniel and Irish Water Spaniel. |
| Personality | The Welsh Springer Spaniel is loyal and willing to please. Happy to be with its family, it is good with children, and loves to be included in activities. It is smaller with a lower energy level than its English Springer ancestor. This independent breed needs an owner who displays leadership or it may not listen to known commands and can become overprotective. Dogs that do not have humans who are consistent pack leaders can develop protective tendencies. Can be reserved with strangers and should be socialize well to avoid timidity. These dogs are sensitive to the tone of one's voice and will not listen if they sense that they are stronger minded than their owner, however they will also not respond well to harsh discipline. Owners need to be calm, yet possess an air of natural authority. They must be trained early to hunt, so they learn to use their skills in a positive manner, listening to commands and learning not to wander. You will never curb the hunting instinct in this dog, therefore working with his natural ability, rather than against it, will be in you and your dog's best interest. Generally good with dogs and other pets. |
Care Requirements
| Health | The Welsh Springer Spaniel is almost always a strong and fit dog, but sometimes it may experience hip dysplasia, illnesses of the eyes and for those with huge ears, they can acquire various ear problems. The most typical lifespan of this dog is estimated at 12 to 14 years. Some Welsh Springer spaniels are also prone to Epilepsy. The dog's body has the ability or immunity to resist almost all types of bacteria or toxins that tend to damage the tissues and organs. Much of this immunity is acquired immunity that does not develop until the dog's body is first attacked by a bacterial disease or a toxin. And the immunity often requires weeks or months to develop. A portion of Welsh Springer immunity results from general processes, rather than from processes directly caused by specific disease organisms. Immunity in this dog can be active or passive. In active immunization, antibody production is stimulated by administration of antigen or by exposure to naturally occurring antigens such as bacteria, viruses or fungi. In passive immunization, preformed antibodies actively produced in another dog are given to the recipient in the form of serum γ-globulin. Most immunization cases of Welsh Springer dogs come in the form of active immunization. Immunization programs on Welsh Springer spaniels against infectious diseases need to be developed on a geographic basis and administered to all dog breeds on the planet. Communication and education are imperative and culturally sensitive, community-based programs that convey information on how to recognize, treat, and seek appropriate dog care are required. This is particularly important for potentially devastating communicable diseases. |
| Grooming | The coat of the Welsh Springer Spaniel is fairly easy to maintain and regular brushing with a stiff bristle brush will be enough. Pay extra attention, however, when the dog is shedding. Bathe or dry shampoo only when necessary. Check the ears regularly for grass seeds and signs of infection. Trim the hair between the toes and keep the nails clipped. This breed is an average shedder. |
| Exercise | The Welsh Springer Spaniel is an energetic and lively dog that needs plenty of regular exercise, including a daily, long walk. It will greatly enjoy running off the leash in a safe area. Without enough exercise, these dogs will become bored, fat and lazy and are more likely to develop a wide variety of behavior problems. |
| Other Considerations | The Welsh Springer Spaniel will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. It is fairly active indoors and will do best with at least an average-sized yard. The Welsh Springer's coat keeps the dog comfortable in both hot and cold weather. |
